Topography plays a big part too: flames burn uphill faster than they burn downhill. Wind, high temperatures, and little rainfall can all leave trees, shrubs, fallen leaves, and limbs dried out and primed to fuel a fire. However, it is often the weather conditions that determine how much a wildfire grows. Wildfires can start with a natural occurrence-such as a lightning strike-or a human-made spark. Sierra Nevada forest fires often include both crown and surface spots. Some regions, like the mixed conifer forests of California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range, can be affected by different types of wildfires. Crown fires burn in the leaves and canopies of trees and shrubs. Parched grass or fallen leaves often fuel surface fires. Surface fires, on the other hand, burn in dead or dry vegetation that is lying or growing just above the ground. Ground fires can smolder for a long time-even an entire season-until conditions are right for them to grow to a surface or crown fire. Ground fires typically ignite in soil thick with organic matter that can feed the flames, like plant roots. Wildfires can burn in vegetation located both in and above the soil. ![]() They are not limited to a particular continent or environment. ![]() Wildfires can burn in forests, grasslands, savannas, and other ecosystems, and have been doing so for hundreds of millions of years. A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that burns in the wildland vegetation, often in rural areas.
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